Music improvisation is normally associated with jazz; however, historically classical music is deeply rooted in improvisation stemming back to the medieval period in Gregorian chants. J.S. Bach, Handel, Mozart, Beethoven, and Liszt all excelled in improvisation, which was then referred to as extemporization. Royal Conservatory, Yale, Stanford, Juilliard have now instituted jazz music programs in addition to classical as academia.
